E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia

Oenothera biennis L.
common evening-primrose
Onagraceae (Evening Primrose family)

Introduction to Vascular Plants

© David Blevins  Email the photographer   (Photo ID #2417)

E-Flora BC Static Map
Distribution of Oenothera biennis
Click here to view our interactive map and legend
Details about map content are available here
Click on the map dots to view record details.

Species Information

Click on the image below to view an expanded illustration for this species.



General:
Biennial herb from a stout taproot; forming rosette in first year and erect stiff stem in second; hairy with glandular and greyish, stiff hairs, also with spreading, reddish hairs; stems 30-150 cm tall, simple or branched.
Leaves:
Stem leaves alternate, ascending or spreading, narrowly lanceolate to oblong, 5-20 cm long, the largest 1-2.5 cm wide, entire to toothed, somewhat lobed toward base, densely or sparsely hairy; lower leaves stalked, the upper ones more or less unstalked.
Flowers:
Inflorescence a dense spike, the buds erect, opening in the evening, subtended by large bracts or reduced leaves; hypanthium 2-4 cm long; petals yellow, fading duller or orange, 1-2.5 (3) cm long; sepals 1.2-2 (2.8) cm long, green or yellowish, rarely reddish, bent back when in flower, the free tips in bud 1-3 mm long; stamens almost the length of petals and style, the anthers 4-6 mm long; stigma lobes 4, linear, 4-7 mm long.
Fruits:
Capsules, erect, narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-4 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, more or less straight, 4-chambered, hairy; seeds 1-2 mm long, angled, irregularly pitted.

Source: The Illustrated Flora of British Columbia

USDA Species Characteristics

Flower Colour:
Yellow
Blooming Period:
Late Spring
Fruit/Seed characteristics:
Colour: Brown
Present from Summer to Fall
Source:  The USDA

Habitat / Range

Mesic to dry disturbed areas in the lowland zone; rare in coastal BC; introduced from E North America.

Source: The Illustrated Flora of British Columbia

Climate

The climate type for this species, as reported in the: "British Columbia plant species codes and selected attributes. Version 6 Database" (Meidinger et al. 2008), is not evaluated, unknown or variable.

Synonyms and Alternate Names

Oenothera albinervis R.R. Gates
Oenothera angustissima R.R. Gates
Oenothera biennis subsp. caeciarum Munz
Oenothera biennis subsp. centralis Munz
Oenothera biennis var. canescens Torr. & A. Gray
Oenothera biennis var. hookeri (Torr. & A. Gray) B. Boivin
Oenothera biennis var. oakesiana A. Gray
Oenothera biennis var. pycnocarpa (Atk. & Bartlett) Wiegand
Oenothera canovirens Steele
Oenothera cruciata var. stenopetala (E.P. Bicknell) Fernald
Oenothera depressa Greene
Oenothera hookeri Torr. & A. Gray
Oenothera hookeri subsp. montereyensis Munz
Oenothera muricata L.
Oenothera parviflora subsp. angustissima (R.R. Gates) Munz
Oenothera parviflora var. angustissima (R.R. Gates) Wiegand
Oenothera parviflora var. oakesiana (A. Gray) Fernald
Oenothera pycnocarpa Atk. & Bartlett
Oenothera strigosa subsp. canovirens (Steele) Munz
Oenothera villosa subsp. canovirens (Steele) W. Dietr. & P.H. Raven

Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Links

Additional Photo Sources

General References